Sepsis
Sepsis can cause death. If you or someone you look after has any of the following serious symptoms of sepsis, immediately call Triple Zero (000) or go to a hospital emergency department.
Serious symptoms of sepsis can include:
- Feeling very sick (the worst you have ever felt) or getting very sick, very quickly
- Difficulty breathing or breathing very quickly (in children or babies you may notice grunting noises or their lower chest getting sucked in as they breathe)
- Not needing to urinate (wee) all day or less wet nappies (less wee) than usual in young children or babies
- A new concerning rash or rash that does not fade when you roll a glass over it
- Confusion
- Blue, grey, pale or blotchy skin
- Feeling like your child is very sick. You know your child best. Trust your instincts if you think something is wrong.
What is sepsis?
Sepsis is when your body has an extreme response to an infection. It is a life- threatening condition and you need immediate medical attention. It can cause death or permanent damage to your body without treatment.
Sepsis always starts with an infection. Infections which may cause sepsis can be anywhere in the body, such as chest, abdominal (for example after kidney or gall stones) and urinary infections.
What are the symptoms of sepsis?
There are many signs and symptoms of sepsis. Follow the advice below.
You do not need to have all the symptoms listed.
Not all infections lead to sepsis. However, if you have already seen your doctor and have been told you have an infection, and you are worried that you or your child are getting worse, then go back for another review and ask, ‘could it be sepsis?’
How does it spread?
Sepsis does not spread from person to person. However, the original infection that caused sepsis can spread between people.
Who is at risk of sepsis?
Sepsis can affect anyone. However, some people are more likely to develop sepsis. This includes those who:
- Are 5 years of age and under, especially babies under 3 months of age
- Are 65 years of age and older
- Are pregnant or have recently given birth (within 6 weeks)
- Have a weak immune system
- Have an existing, chronic illness such as diabetes, lung disease, cancer or kidney disease
- Have had sepsis before
- Have recently been in hospital or had a severe illness
- Are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
How is sepsis prevented?
You can lower your risk of sepsis by preventing infection and managing chronic illnesses:
- Practise good hygiene. Wash or sanitise your hands often and cover your coughs and sneezes
- Do not share personal items (e.g. razors, toothbrushes)
- Cover cuts and wounds and keep them clean until healed
- Keep up to date with your recommended vaccinations
- Speak to your doctor regularly if you have a chronic health condition such as diabetes, lung disease or kidney disease. Follow their advice, including taking prescribed medicines.
- Stay at home if you are sick to protect others.
How is sepsis diagnosed?
There is no single test for sepsis. To see if you have sepsis, a doctor will:
- Ask you about your symptoms
- Examine you and perform some tests
Disclaimer: This fact sheet provides general information only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For specific advice regarding your health or medical concerns, please consult your healthcare provider. Burnside Hospital does not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage arising from reliance on the information provided. In case of urgent medical needs, please contact your nearest emergency department.
Created: August 2025